Physical Health Status & Analyse Health Information

Questions: 1. Describe the process of coronary artery atheroma formation: a.Factors that trigger endothelial inflammation b.How high and low density lipoproteins contribute to atheroma formation c.The role of macrophages in it. 2. You are asked to document Mr. Marconi's neurovascular observations (left wrist) during the admission assessment. Discuss the following about this assessment: a. List the 5 parts of this assessment. b.Explain how each of these assessments evaluates Mr Marconis left wrist injury. Answers: (1). Atheroma is the cause for several cardiovascular disorders like heart attack, peripheral vascular disease, angina, etc. They are like small lumps with patchy appearance. This is also known as hardening' of the blood vesicles especially the arteries. a) There are several factors that trigger the inflammation in the endothelial regions such as, oxidized lipoproteins (Libby, 2012). This oxidized low-density lipoproteins or the LDL binds the proteoglycan, involving oxidative modifications. b) Dyslipidemia, which includes very low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins activating the inflammatory purposes of the vascular epithelial cells; hypertension; diabetes; obesity; infections, etc. These modified lipids carry out alterations in the artery wall triggering the antigen-specific immune responses, hence causing inflammations responsible for the expression of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokinins (Libby, 2012). c) The macrophages play important roles in the coronary artery atheroma formation. After the changes in the peripheral monocytes of the blood, the macrophages integrate some modified lipoproteins with the scavenger pathway. As a result, it transforms into foam like cell which is in a lipid-rich condition providing an important features for the coronary artery atheroma formation with a symptom of lesion expansion and inflammation (Moore et al., 2013). (2). a) Marconi is a patient of 76 years and was admitted to the hospital in the emergency. The 5ps of neurovascular conditions of Mr. Marconi's left wrist after the fall in the bathroom includes 1) Pain which determines the severity and amount of the present pain. 2) Pallor which observes the tissue colour of the distal part. The bluish colour of the tissue indicates the venous stasis. 3) Pulselessness which indicates the extreme of distal pulse and capillary access. 4) Paresthesia which accounts for the numbness or any abnormal sensations in the wrist. 5) Paraplegia is the motion assess. b) Due to the injury in the left wrist resulting in loss of sensation the symptoms may include loss of sensation, numbness, dysaesthesia, etc. He swelling may cause fracture or muscular sprain. It may cause hypertension, as a result of which the patient was suffering from chest pain, exhaustion, etc. If the left wrist appears to be tight and shiny, the compartment syndrome is included as a vital injury (Gui et al., 2012). References: "Atheroma; Cardiovascular Diseases. About Atheroma | Patient".Patient. N.p., 2016. Web. 21 May 2016. Ahimastos, A. A., Latouche, C., Natoli, A. K., Reddy-luthmoodoo, M., Golledge, J., Kingwell, B. A. (2014). Potential vascular mechanisms of ramipril induced increases in walking ability in patients with intermittent claudication.Circulation research,114(7), 1144-1155. Ansermino, J. M. (2013). Universal access to essential vital signs monitoring.Anesthesia Analgesia,117(4), 883-890. Brown, D., Edwards, H., Buckley, T., Lewis, S. L., Dirksen, S. R., Heitkemper, M. M., et al. (Eds.). (2015). Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing. Assessment and Management of Cinical Problems (4th ed.). Chatswood: Elsevier. Crisp, J., Taylor, C., Douglas, C., Rebeiro, G. (Eds.). (2013). Potter and Perry's Fundamentals of Nursing (4th ed.). Chatswood:Elsevier. Gui, T., Shimokado, A., Sun, Y., Akasaka, T., Muragaki, Y. (2012). Diverse roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis: from inflammatory biology to biomarker discovery.Mediators of inflammation,2012. Homeostasis | BIOL 141".Online.science.psu.edu. N.p., 2016. Web. 21 May 2016. Libby, P. (2012). Inflammation in atherosclerosis.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology,32(9), 2045-2051. Marieb, E. N. (2015). Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology (11th ed.). Harlow , UK: Pearson Education Limited. Moore, K. J., Sheedy, F. J., Fisher, E. A. (2013). Macrophages in atherosclerosis: a dynamic balance.Nature Reviews Immunology,13(10), 709-721. Nunn, J. F. (2013).Applied respiratory physiology. Butterworth-Heinemann. Rozenbaum, M. H., Pechlivanoglou, P., Van Der Werf, T. S., Lo-Ten-Foe, J. R., Postma, M. J., Hak, E. (2013). The role of Streptococcus pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia among adults in Europe: a meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology infectious diseases,32(3), 305-316. Samuel, V. T., Shulman, G. I. (2012). Mechanisms for insulin resistance: common threads and missing links.Cell,148(5), 852-871.